GRATITUDE, COMPLEMENT, and CONGRATULATION

Hi guys, meet again with me,, haha .. on this topic I will explain about Gratitude, complement, and Congratulation.

Aryo: hi. ana! These souvenirs from Java I bought specifically for you. :)
Ana: oh. thank you so much! I'm so glad.

Aryo: you’re welcome. 

First I will explain about Gratitude. cekidot!
dialogue above is an example of Gratitude.

Gratitude is an expression that we show or say to express grateful feeling to other people. When speaking English, you say “thanks” very often. Please say “thank you” when people give you something, help you do something, wish you something and give you a compliment etc. Be a nice personality.

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SURPRISE AND DISBELIEF

A feeling that we feel when heard an amazing news which surprised and amazed us an expression  that we show/ say when we know /hear/see something that rather difficult to believe .Used to express something taht we cant or impossible.

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DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH

If the reported speech stating the actual words, this is called direct speech (sentences directly). Sentences are not connected by "that" it must be marked with (punctuation) comma.

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INTRUDOCTORY IT

Introductory it is a word that is used in sentence, not influence the since of a sentence, because the since has been carried by the other element’s sentence.

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NOUN PHRASES

1. NOUN: a word that names a person, animal, place, thing, idea, concept, or anything considered as noun.

~ The functions of noun in the sentences:

            1. Subject of the sentence.

            2. Predicate noun (also predicate nominative or subjective complement)

            3. Appositive (noun in apposition)

            4. Direct and indirect object of a verb.

            5. Object of the preposition

            6. Object complement

Gerunds can also be classified as noun.

Ex: I like writting.

The word “writting” is a gerund.

            2. NOUN PHRASES: a group word that does the work of a noun. A noun phrases is either a pronoun or any group of words that can be replaced by a pronoun.

· Structures of Noun Phrases:

            1. Noun Pre-modifiers: modifiers before the noun are called pre-modifiers. All the pre modifiers that are present and the noun together from a noun phrases.

            2. Noun Post-modifiers: modifiers coming after a noun are called post-modifiers.

Formula of Noun Phrase:

            1. Pre-modifiers + noun

            Ex: A new computer  (here “a new” is pre modifiers and “computer” is a noun)

            2.  Noun + Post-modifiers

            Ex: Book on the table (here “book” is a noun and “on the table” is post-modifiers)

            3. Pre-modifier + noun + Post-modifier

            Ex: The blue is car very cute. (here “the blue” is pre-modifiers, “car”is a noun, and “is very cute” is post-modifiers).

OK. I think just that about noun phrase.

Now, we go to the next topic.. COME ON!!

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PASSIVE VOICE

Passive voice is the kind of a sentences that used when the focus is on the action. It is not important or not known, however, who or what is performing the action.

When you rewritting active sentences in Passive Voice, note to following:

            1. the object of the active sentences becomes the subject of the passive sentence.

            2. the finite form of the verb is changed (to be + past participle)

            3. the subject of the actve sentences becomes by agent in the passive sentence (or is dropped)

            4. only active sentence containing object which can be changed into passive form.

            5. the two forms should have same tenses.

Formula of Passive Voice :

                        S + to be + verb3 + by + O + Complement

Passive voice with two object:

            Ex: Active: Dona wrote a story to me.

                   Passive: A story was written to me by Dona.

Negative sentences:

            ~Present tense:

                        S + do/did not + V1 + O

Ex: We do not read a book.

            ~Past tense:

                        S(O) + to be + not + V3

Ex: A book are not read.

Introgative sentences:

            ~Present tense:

                        Do/Did + S + V1 + O + ?

Ex: Did she broke him?

            ~Past tense:

                        To be + S(O) + V3 + O(S) + ?

Ex: Was him broken?

NOTE:

-          In passive voice subject is a object, in active voice object is a subject.

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NEWS ITEM

News item is a factual text which informs the readers about event of the day which are considered newsworthy or important.

-          Social function: to inform readers, listeners or viewers about event of the day which are considered newsworthy.

-          Generic structure:

1. Newsworthy event(s): recount the event in summary form.

2. Background event(s): elaborate what happened,to whom, in what circumtances. 

3. Sources: comments by participants in,witnesses to, and expert on the event.

      -    Significant grammar features:

            * Short, telegraphic information about story captured in headline.

            * Generally using simple past tense.

            * Use of Material Processes to retell the event.

            * Uing action verb, e.g.: were,kill,etc.

            * Using saying verbs, e.g.: Tell,and say.

            * Focus on Circumstances.

            * Use of projecting Verbal Processes in Sources stages.

Ex:

            Malaysian Deputy Health Ministry urged every woman to carry a condom to protect against HIV, a news report said.
“This is not to debate them but to protect them. Women are the first ones to get exploited by their partners (whom are infected by HIV-positive)” Abdul Latiff Ahmad was quoted as saying by Sunday Star Newspaper. “But this just a suggestion, it’s up to them”.
Abdul latiff made remark to coincide with the International Aids Memorial day, which was celebrated openly for the first time in Malaysia, in bid to reduce stigma for HIV-victim. In the past the event was held behind closed door.
Last year, 745 Malaysian women were identified as HIV-positive and 193 were diagnosed with AIDS, he said in the report. Officials have said nearly 81000 Malaysian have been infected with HIV, less then 10 percent are woman, but the number is steadily rising.
Malaysian Aids Council president, Adeebah Kamarulzaman, was quoted as saying besides sex workers, many women who contract HIV are housewives, were infected unknowingly by their husbands. “It’s not that people don’t know that condoms can protect them. But there are some men who don’t care to take precaution, even though they know they have HIV” she said.

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